The study of Security

IMAGE ASPECT OF THE PARTICIPATION OF THE POLISH ARMED FORCES IN UN PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF UNIFIL

Dariusz Bogusz, Rafał Piwoński — Fri, 15 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The authors of the article present the results of research on the image aspect of the participation of the Polish Armed Forces in UN peacekeeping operations based on the example of UNIFIL. The aim of the article is to identify Poland’s image in terms of participation in UNIFIL and the main determinants influencing the perception of Polish personnel in this peacekeeping operation. The research problem was expressed in the question: how does the participation of the Polish Armed Forces in a peacekeeping operation in Lebanon affect Poland’s image in the international arena? The assumed research goal was achieved through interviews with soldiers serving in the peacekeeping operation, the authors’ own observations, as well as the analysis of statistical data and the content of Polish and multinational strategic documents. The results of the conducted research indicate a positive attitude of the Lebanese citizens towards Polish staff. A significant fact is the creation of a positive image of Poland in the international arena by fulfilling allied obligations, thus contributing to the stabilization of the security situation on a regional and global scale. Another equally important aspect is the actual contribution of the Polish Armed Forces to building peace in the area of the Israeli--Lebanese border and the entire Middle East region. Analysing issues related to the image aspect, the authors conclude that the further participation of Polish soldiers in themission on the territory of the Republic of Lebanon is justified.

THE DEFENCE SECTOR THROUGH THE PRISM OF EFFECTIVE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ACCORDING TO NATO STANDARDS

Vitaly Tkachenko — Fri, 15 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The article examines issues related to the main current reforms in the defence sector of Ukraine. In the opinion of the author, such reforms should occur as soon as possible to ensure compliance of the legislation and functioning of the national security system of Ukraine with NATO standards and principles; creation of an effective rule of law system; strengthening national guarantees of independence; the development of effective international comprehensive cooperation, in particular through the use of interdepartmental cooperation, as well as the mandatory increase in the effectiveness of the functioning and performance of the functions assigned to them by the security bodies, as well as the speedy improvement of the tools and means of their interaction with each other and with other components of the national security and defence sector of Ukraine. In this regard, the author considers it expedient to consider the principles applied in NATO member countries and the main ways of financing NATO’s defence costs. Such an analysis will not only provide an opportunity for effective international support to our country in the process of military operations, but will also be useful for the purpose of determining the next main steps to bring Ukraine’s defence sector financing system into line with international standards and principles.

DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE MILITARY SPHERE OF UKRAINE. PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

Vadym Rozhko — Fri, 15 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The article is focused on the examination of the current problems and prospects of Digital transformation of the military sphere of Ukraine under the conditions of the Russian full-scale invasion. The author thinks that one of the key indicators of the level of digital transformation in Ukraine, in particular concerning the military sphere, is the index of digital transformation of the regions of Ukraine. The author notes that digital transformation of the military sphere of Ukraine will help to facilitate the maintenance of medical records and the faster passing of the medical commission, which is especially relevant during the war. Additionally, the author assumes that strengthening the capabilities of the national cyber security system to counter cyber threats regarding the aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, it is aimed primarily at information and communication systems of state bodies of Ukraine, as well as at objects of critical information infrastructure.

CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR DESECRATION OF A GRAVE. COMPARATIVE STUDIES

Oleksаndr Bereznikov — Fri, 15 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This article conducts a comparative legal study of the characteristics of the crime defined in Article 262 of the Polish Criminal Code, aiming to identify ways to improve the corresponding Ukrainian criminal legislation. In the current Ukrainian Criminal Code, Article 297 “Desecration of a grave, other burial place, or the body of the deceased” is classified as an offence against public order and morality. Improving Ukrainian criminal legislation could involve considering Poland’s experience in more clearly defining the objects of the crime and the objective side of the act. It is also worth considering expanding scientific research in this area to achieve greater consistency and effectiveness in law enforcement. On the other hand, Article 297 of the Ukrainian Criminal Code covers a much broader list of objects that are subjects of this crime, which could be beneficial for Polish legislation. Overall, the analysis showed quite close positions of both Ukrainian and Polish legal scholars, providing hope for the rapid adaptation of Ukrainian criminal legislation to the legislation of EU countries.

SECURITY SUBSYSTEM FOR THE EASTERN BORDER OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF POLAND BY THE BORDER PROTECTION FORCES AND ITS IMPACT ON STATE SECURITY IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY. SELECTED PROBLEMS. VOL. 2

Ireneusz Bieniecki, Izabela Szkurłat — Fri, 15 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The subsystem for the protection of the eastern border of the Polish People’s Republic (PRL) (with the USSR) was one of the four subsystems for the protection of the Polish state border, which in the years from the end of World War II to the dissolution of the Border Protection Forces (WOP – 15 May 1991) ensured the protection of this section. The first part of the article discusses such issues as: tasks performed by the WOP, organization and changes in the border protection system of the Polish People’s Republic in the years 1945–1991, forces and resources of the WOP participating in the protection of the border of the Polish People’s Republic until the mid-1980s and the division of the border as well as crimes committed on the border and on the border of the Polish People’s Republic and the USSR.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF ENSURING GERMANY’S NATIONAL SECURITY THROUGH THE PRISM OF MODERN PROCESSES

Kyrylo Ohdanskyi — Fri, 15 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

National security is an important aspect of the functioning of any country, determining the stability and prosperity of society. This article examines the socio-economic aspects of ensuring Germany’s national security in the context of modern processes. The definition of national security, the current situation in Germany’s security system, the peculiarities of the formation of national security, Germany’s role in NATO activities, the dynamics of the main state expenditures, problems and prospects for the development of NATO and Germany’s national security are considered. The general conclusion is that ensuring national security in today’s world requires an integrated approach, covering economic, social and military aspects. Germany, as a strong economic and political state, plays an important role in ensuring stability in Europe and the world through active participation in international organizations, in particular NATO, and systematic improvement of its national security system.

SCHRÖDINGER’S CAT’S DILEMMA IN RELATION TO FICTITIOUS MONITORING SYSTEMS

Tymoteusz Peta — Fri, 15 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Nowadays, an increasingly common form of security are fictitious monitoring systems, including primarily dummy security cameras, which do not collect data but, due to their realistic appearance, have a deterrence effect. Their effect can be compared to famous theoretical experiment known as Schrödinger’s cat. The theoretical argument was supplemented by the author’s observation, which was made to verify the efficiency of this kind of system in relation to accidental perpetrators.

THREATS TO CIVILIZATION FOR THE EDUCATIONAL SECURITY OF THE STATE. SELECTED ASPECTS

Andrzej Żebrowski — Fri, 15 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Security is not permanent and fluctuates, depending on both external and internal factors. Thus, threats to the educational security of the state also arise. Therefore, proper education delivered in the formation of appropriate social attitudes and behaviour in the face of threats should be key to maintaining the stability of the country’s security.

YOUNG AND ANGRY. POLISH SCHOOL OF AGGRESSION ON THE INTERNET

Aleksandra Klimek-Lakomy — Fri, 15 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The phenomenon of cyber violence has been identified by academia recently, despite the fact that Internet communication has been developing since the second half of the 20th century. There is a rising need to understand its determinants and implications for the security of children and teenagers. The main objective of this paper is to characterize cyber violence, its most important causes and selected consequences for youths in Poland. It also focuses on analysing the most important, domestic legal regulations regarding acts of violence on the Internet.This paper argues that this common phenomenon is caused both by traditional determinants of violence among young people, as well as by the specificity of Internet communication, including easily accessible, harmful content (i.e. “patostreams”, pornography), anonymity and massiveness. Cyber violence, usually taking the form of e.g. acts of verbal aggression, impersonation, deception, humiliation or ridiculing in the online environment, has not been met with social understanding and serious deliberation. There has been a visible lack of greater awareness of its causes among parents and teachers. Moreover, so far the Polish government has not adopted an integrated strategy of combatting cyber violence.

ANALYSIS OF THE SAFETY OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES

Bogdan Zubar — Fri, 15 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The rise of electric vehicles (EVs) has ushered in a new era of transportation, bringing with it a host of innovations and challenges. This comprehensive article aims to delve into the intricate landscape of electric vehicle safety, dedicating in-depth analysis to various concerns while spotlighting cutting-edge solutions.
Through an exploration of battery safety, crash standards, charging infrastructure human factors, fire safety, regulations, case studies and future trends, this article offers a 360-degree view of the safety implications and advancements in the electric vehicle industry.